Related Values, formulas and Swap Relation Tables let product data be entered once and reused. A Related Value shows on each product a value held on the list item it picks, such as the licence number of the unit that makes it. A formula in a String or Text feature composes stored values into a display value, such as a product title, and expressions format it with captions, units and bullets. A Swap Relation Table holds rows of data, such as ingredients with weight and percentage, in one feature on the product.
Written for product data teams · By Vipin Kumar, Founder and Solution Architect · Last updated BPAS · Exclusive Boyum Practice. India's No.1 Customer-referred Boyum IT Partner.
At a glance
Perfion name
Related Values, Formulas and Swap Relation Tables
Where
Feature definitions, the grid and the Item EditorRelated ValuesFormulasSwap Relation TablesRelated Values: Perfion 4.6 (2019) and later
Used by
Product editors and administratorsAdministrators create Related Values and switch formulas on
An illustration, not a screenshot: details held once on the unit, shown on every product, titles composed by a formula, and ingredients held as rows.
Copied Text vs Perfion
Copied text vs Perfion data reuse: what changes when data is reused, not retyped
Typed and copied, every detail exists many times and drifts apart. In Perfion, a detail is held once, shown where it is needed, and composed into the text channels use.
Typed and copiedItemTitleLicenceIngredientsMG-GM-100Masalora Garam masala 100gm10012345000678Coriander, cumin, pepper…MG-GM-200MASALORA GARAM MASALA - 200 G10012345000611MG-JR-100Masalora Jeera 100 gCuminMG-CH-100Chilli Powder (Masalora)10012345000678Chilli, salt…Titles typed three different ways. One licence number out of date, one missing. Ingredients pasted as text.
vs
Perfion data reuseRelated ValuesUnit licenceUnit addressHeld on the unitFormulasOne patternEvery title100 g, not 100gmSwap Relation TableCoriander 40 %Cumin 25 %Pepper 15 %Details held once and shown on every product, titles composed from stored values, ingredients held as rows.
Typing and copying product details by hand, compared with Perfion Related Values, formulas and Swap Relation Tables as described in Boyum IT Solutions' Perfion documentation.
Task
Typed and copied
Perfion Related Values, formulas and tables
Showing a list value’s details on products
The unit’s licence number typed again on every product it makes.
A Related Value shows the value held on the list item, on every product that uses it.
Changing those details
Every product edited by hand, and some missed.
The value is changed once, on the list item.
Product titles and short descriptions
Typed by hand for each channel, in a different style each time.
A formula composes them from the brand, name, pack size and other stored values.
Units and number formats
“100gm”, “100 G” and “100 grams” on the same range.
Expressions add the caption and unit and format the number the same way every time.
Lists shown as bullets
Retyped as a bulleted list for each channel.
One expression turns the values of a multi-value feature into a list, with a bullet or separator of your choice.
Codes shown as words
Looked up in a separate sheet and typed in.
CaseReplace turns stored codes, such as V and N, into the words a reader understands.
Ingredients and components
Columns named Ingredient 1, Ingredient 2, Ingredient 3, or one pasted block of text.
A Swap Relation Table holds one row per ingredient, with a column for each value.
Channels and the API
Each export keeps its own copy of the text.
Display values are used in the grid, reports and exports, and the Perfion API returns the resolved value.
See how your product titles and details would be reused in Perfion.
Perfion data reuse capabilities: eight ways to enter data once and use it everywhere
Each capability shows what it does in Perfion and what it is worth to the business.
Operational Reality (Capabilities)
A Related Value shows on an item a value that really belongs to another item. Boyum’s example is a Colour pick list whose items each carry a HEX code, a RAL colour number, a description and an image. A Related Value shows those values on every product that picks the colour. Related Values are shown with a grey background, the same as other remote features, because they read from the Perfion database itself as a self-remote. Before Perfion 4.6 (2019) the same result needed a self-remote to be built by hand; Related Values make it much less tedious.
Values of a list item shown on the products that use it
Shown in grey, read from the list item
No copy of the value on the product
Executive ROI Value
Unit · Erode · FSSAI licence10012345000678MG-GM-10010012345000678MG-CH-10010012345000678MG-HL-10010012345000678
Details such as a unit’s licence number or a colour code are maintained in one place and are correct on every product that uses them.
One change, every product updated
No stale copies in channels
Operational Reality (Capabilities)
Every Related Value is defined by three things: a unique name, a Base Feature and a Value Feature. The Base Feature is the selectable feature that carries the configuration, such as Colour; it must have a configuration and must not be multi-value. The Value Feature is one of the features in that configuration, of type Date, String, Number, Link, Text or Image, and not itself a remote. A multi-value String can be used too: its values are shown as one string, separated by semicolons. A new Related Value takes the captions, units, help text and groups of its Value Feature, and can then be edited like any other feature.
Six data types, including Image
Multi-value strings joined with semicolons
Captions, units and help text taken from the source
Executive ROI Value
Value Feature · data typesDDateSString#Number↗Link¶Text▣ImageMulti-value StringVegan; Gluten free
Product pages, reports and catalogues show the brand logo, colour code or unit address without anyone keying it twice.
Less typing on every product
Images and codes always from the source
Operational Reality (Capabilities)
Perfion uses formulas to compose feature data into display values, which appear in the grid, in reporting and in exports. Text and String features can process formulas, and the setting can be switched on or off at any time, whatever data the feature already holds. Like a spreadsheet, the grid shows the formula while a cell is being edited and the display value the rest of the time. One text can hold several formulas, so a title such as brand, name and pack size is built from three stored values. A formula that refers to a value it cannot find shows nothing.
Hundreds of titles follow one agreed pattern and are built from data that is already checked, instead of being typed and retyped.
Hours saved on titles and descriptions
One style across the whole range
Operational Reality (Capabilities)
Expressions convert a value as it is shown. FormatValue combines a value with its caption, unit, abbreviation or group, and formats numbers and dates: currency, decimals, thousands separators, percentages, short and long dates. FormatMultiValues shows the values of a multi-value feature with a separator of your choice, such as a bullet on each new line. FormatVariantTitle works the same way for variant titles. Expressions are used throughout Perfion, not only in formulas.
Weights, sizes and claims read the same on every product, in every channel, without anyone formatting them by hand.
No mixed units in channels
Bulleted lists without retyping
Operational Reality (Capabilities)
CaseReplace replaces stored values with other text. Pairs of values are listed, such as V for Vegetarian and N for Non-vegetarian, with one text for any value that does not match and another for an empty value. Boyum’s example turns a product status into New, Pending or Missing. The Convert expression changes a value so that it can be shown with an EAN-13 or UPC-A barcode font.
Internal codes stay short and consistent in the data, while customers and printed labels see clear words and scannable barcodes.
No lookup sheets for codes
Label text straight from the data
Operational Reality (Capabilities)
A Formula Editor can be switched on for formula features that are not selectable, and is then available from both the grid and the Item Editor. It has three tabs. Edit holds the formula text, Result shows what the formula produces, and the Formula Insert Helper lists the features in the system, filtered by name, caption or ID, with ready-made formulas for each one, such as its caption or its value with two decimal places.
Product data editors write and check formulas themselves, with fewer mistakes and less reliance on one specialist.
Fewer broken formulas
Results checked before saving
Operational Reality (Capabilities)
Formula display values are used in every output format, except Excel exports meant for re-import, which carry the formula itself so it can come back into Perfion. Results from the Perfion API contain only the values the formulas resolve to, so solutions already built on the API work with new formulas without changes. Formulas respect security: a formula cannot retrieve a value the user has no access to. A formula on a localizable feature is entered for each language that needs it.
Display values in reports and exports
Resolved values through the Perfion API
User rights respected
Executive ROI Value
Web title · what each output getsGridDisplay valueReports and exportsDisplay valuePerfion APIResolved valueExcel for re-importThe formula
The title a merchandiser sees in Perfion is the title every channel receives, with no separate copy to keep in step.
One title in every channel
Existing integrations keep working
Operational Reality (Capabilities)
A standard feature holds one or several values. For table-like data with several rows and columns in a single feature, such as an ingredient list with name, weight and percentage, Perfion uses Swap Relation Tables. The rows are built on a selectable feature with multiple values, whose own configuration provides the columns, and Swap Relation Direction turns it into a table on the product. Despite the name, no Table data type is used. These tables are shown in the Item Editor, not in the grid. Their rows are created in the context of each product and can also be seen in Feature Data. Inheritance is not supported, and the tables are not copied when a product is copied.
One row per ingredient or component
Columns from the feature’s configuration
Not inherited, not copied with the product
Executive ROI Value
MG-GM-100 · IngredientsIngredientWeight%Coriander40 g40Cumin25 g25Black pepper15 g15Cardamom10 g10Item Editor · not inherited · not copied
Ingredient lists, bills of materials and specification rows are held as structured data that reports and labels can use directly.
No fixed Ingredient 1, 2, 3 columns
Rows reports can use directly
Core Concepts
5 Core Concepts of Entering Data Once and Reusing It
The first is about reusing data. The next three are about composing text. The last is about data that comes in rows.
01
Reusing dataConcept 01 · Keep a value where it belongs
Hold It Once, Show It Everywhere
The product data problem it solves
The licence number and address of the unit that makes each product are typed on every product. When the licence is renewed, hundreds of products have to be edited, and the ones that are missed reach channels with the old number.
The concept explained
Many values on a product are not facts about the product at all. A colour code belongs to the colour; a licence number belongs to the unit. When each product holds its own copy, every copy has to be kept in step. The better place for such a value is the list item it describes, and every product then shows it from there. A Related Value does exactly this: it shows, on each product, a value held on the list item the product picks. Because Perfion reads it from the list item, there is nothing to copy and nothing to fall out of date.
Everyday analogy
A shop board that reads the price from the billing system. Change the price once at the counter, and every board in the shop shows the new one.
In Perfion
A Related Value is defined by a Base Feature, the selectable feature whose items carry the data, and a Value Feature, the feature in its configuration to show. It can be added to a configuration like other features and queried in the Perfion API. It is shown in grey, as a self-remote.
Swipe sideways to see the full diagramThe Erode unit holds its licence once. Three products show it in grey, and a renewal is made in one place.
02
Composing textConcept 02 · Build the text from checked values
Compose Text, Do Not Retype It
The product data problem it solves
Product titles are typed by hand for each channel. The same garam masala reads “Garam masala 100gm” on one app and “GARAM MASALA - 100 G” on another, and a pack size change is corrected in the data but not in the title.
The concept explained
Most product titles and short descriptions follow a pattern: brand, product name, pack size. The values in that pattern are already in Perfion, checked and kept up to date. Typing them again into a title creates a second copy that drifts from the first. A formula composes the title from the stored values instead, so every title follows the same pattern and changes when the data changes. The grid marks a formula that needs refreshing after a change, so editors can see when a composed value is not yet up to date.
Everyday analogy
A mail merge. The letter is written once with placeholders, and every copy fills in the name and address from the list.
In Perfion
Text and String features can process formulas. Display values appear in the grid, reporting and exports. When values are changed in the grid, formulas that use them are marked and updated when the grid is refreshed; Perfion does not refresh them automatically, to protect performance.
Swipe sideways to see the full diagramBrand, name and pack size compose the title. A new pack size shows in the title once the grid is refreshed.
03
Composing textConcept 03 · Stored once, shown the right way
Format Every Value for Its Reader
The product data problem it solves
Units, decimals and claims are formatted by whoever types them. One product says “100 g”, the next “100gm”, and the list of claims is a comma-separated line on one channel and bullets on another.
The concept explained
How a value is stored and how it should be read are two different things. The data should hold a plain number, a list of claims or a short code; the reader should see a caption, a unit, a clean number format, bullets and words. Expressions do the converting, the same way every time: the caption and unit around a value, the number of decimals, a bullet before each value of a list, and CaseReplace to turn a code into a word.
Everyday analogy
A bank passbook. The bank stores the plain number; the passbook prints it with the rupee sign, commas and two decimals, every time.
In Perfion
FormatValue combines a value with its caption, unit, abbreviation or group and formats numbers and dates. FormatMultiValues shows multiple values with a separator. CaseReplace replaces values, and Convert prepares a value for an EAN-13 or UPC-A barcode font. Expressions are used throughout Perfion.
Swipe sideways to see the full diagramA plain number, a list and a code become a weight with its unit, a bulleted list and a word.
04
Composing textConcept 04 · Plan for what formulas leave out
Know Where a Formula Stops
The product data problem it solves
A team builds titles on top of other composed titles, expects formulas to add up weights, and is surprised when a composed value stays blank or out of date in a channel review.
The concept explained
Formulas compose and format text. They are not a calculation engine, and Boyum documents clearly what they do not do. A formula cannot use another formula. Formulas do not resolve remote values, do not aggregate values, are not updated in the grid until it is refreshed, and their results cannot be searched through the Perfion API. A formula that refers to a value it cannot find shows nothing. Designing around these limits from the start keeps composed text reliable.
Everyday analogy
A label printer. It prints exactly what the product master tells it, beautifully, but it will not count the stock for you.
In Perfion
A formula that refers to another formula gives the error Disallowed Reference(1). Formulas referencing remote values are not resolved, for performance reasons. The Item Card Editor does not show resolved display values, and formula results are not queryable through the API.
Swipe sideways to see the full diagramWhat a formula does, and where it stops, as documented by Boyum.
05
Structuring dataConcept 05 · Data with rows and columns
Rows Belong in a Table, Not in Numbered Columns
The product data problem it solves
Ingredients are typed into columns called Ingredient 1, Ingredient 2 and Ingredient 3, or pasted as one block of text, so weights and percentages are missing and the fourth ingredient has nowhere to go.
The concept explained
Some product data is naturally a table: ingredients with a weight and a percentage, or the components of a product. Squeezed into numbered columns, it runs out of columns. Pasted as text, it cannot be checked, sorted or reused. A Swap Relation Table holds one row per ingredient, with a column for each value, inside a single feature on the product. Because it is designed into the data model, it has to be decided before products are set up, including how copied products and variants will get their rows.
Everyday analogy
The nutrition panel on a pack. One line per nutrient, the same columns on every line, and room for as many lines as the product needs.
In Perfion
Swap Relation Tables are built on a selectable feature with multiple values, whose configuration provides the columns, with Swap Relation Direction set on the product configuration. They are shown in the Item Editor, not in the grid; inheritance is not supported, and they are not copied when a product is copied.
Swipe sideways to see the full diagramThree numbered columns run out of room. The table holds six ingredients, each with weight and percentage.
Best Practices
10 Best Practices for Related Values and Formulas in Perfion
Each practice says what good data reuse looks like and what it costs to ignore it. Setting them up for your team is what BPAS consultants do.
01
01Hold shared details on the list value
Related Values · Source
The rule
Details that belong to a list value, such as a unit’s licence number or a colour code, are held once on the list item and shown on products through Related Values.
Risk if ignored
Copies typed on each product drift apart, and a change such as a licence renewal is made on some products and missed on others.
Get it right with BPAS
Not sure this is in place for your team? Talk to a BPAS consultant.
Titles and short descriptions that follow a pattern, such as brand, name and pack size, are composed by formulas from stored values, one agreed pattern per text.
Risk if ignored
Typed titles differ by channel and by editor, and stay wrong after the data behind them is corrected.
Get it right with BPAS
Not sure this is in place for your team? Talk to a BPAS consultant.
Every formula refers to stored values, never to another formula and never to a remote value.
Risk if ignored
A formula that uses another formula gives an error, and one that uses a remote value is not resolved, so the composed text is missing where it matters.
Get it right with BPAS
Not sure this is in place for your team? Talk to a BPAS consultant.
Editors know that a red corner on a formula cell means it needs a refresh, and a black corner means the formula gives no result, and they clear both before review.
Risk if ignored
Composed values are reviewed while they are out of date or empty, and the wrong text is approved.
Get it right with BPAS
Not sure this is in place for your team? Talk to a BPAS consultant.
The team knows that Swap Relation Tables are not inherited and not copied with a product, and has an agreed way to fill them on new and copied products.
Risk if ignored
A copied product looks complete but has an empty ingredient table, and it goes live without one.
Get it right with BPAS
Not sure this is in place for your team? Talk to a BPAS consultant.
Illustrative scenario · not a client case studyA Business Like Yours
Illustrative scenario: an Indian spice brand, with every title and detail typed by hand
A spice brand makes about 400 products, spice powders, blends and ready-to-cook mixes, at two manufacturing units, and sells them through its own web shop, two quick-commerce apps, two marketplaces and modern trade. Orders, stock and invoicing are in the ERP. Product data is kept in spreadsheets.
The Operational Challenge
Product titles are typed by hand for each channel, so one garam masala reads “Masalora Garam masala 100gm” on one app and “MASALORA GARAM MASALA - 100 G” on another. The licence number and address of the unit that makes each product are typed on every product, and ingredients sit in a block of text, with percentages missing on half the range.
When the Erode unit’s licence was renewed last year, 260 products had to be edited by hand, and 40 were missed until a marketplace flagged them.
Titles typed for every channel, in different styles
Unit details copied onto every product
Pack sizes written in different ways
Ingredients pasted as text, without percentages
The Financial Transformation
In Perfion, each unit’s licence number and address are held once, on the unit, and every product shows them through Related Values. Titles are composed by a formula from brand, name and pack size, and expressions format the net weight and turn the claims into bullets.
A CaseReplace turns the diet code into Vegetarian or Non-vegetarian, and ingredients are held in a Swap Relation Table, one row each, with weight and percentage.
One title pattern across the range
A licence renewal made once
Units and claims formatted the same way
Ingredients held as rows, with percentages
Illustrative figures for a typical Indian spice brand of this size. They add up, but they are not a client case study.
Cost line
Before (per month)
After (per month)
Difference (per year)
Typing and correcting titles and descriptions
₹ 90,000
₹ 25,000
₹ 7,80,000
Updating unit and brand details across products
₹ 40,000
₹ 5,000
₹ 4,20,000
Rework of ingredient and label data
₹ 70,000
₹ 25,000
₹ 5,40,000
Total
₹ 2,00,000
₹ 55,000
₹ 17,40,000
Illustrative saving a year₹ 17,40,000Same figures as the table, not a client result
Titles and descriptions
Unit and brand details
Ingredient rework
Before After
See your own titles composed and details reused in Perfion.
prodRecord Live is a monthly webinar series on product information management, held on the second Wednesday of every month from January 2027. Each session takes one product data topic and works through it in plain English with time for your questions.
Who benefits from data held once: one range, three answers
One range
Promoter & CXOs
Will every channel show the same product?
Titles are composed from one set of checked data, and details such as licence numbers are held once, so every channel receives the same product and compliance changes are made in one place.
Product Data Manager
Can a change be made once and reach every product?
Related Values show list item details on every product, and formulas compose titles from stored values, so a correction is made once and the composed text follows.
Product Executive
How do I write 400 titles without typing 400 titles?
Agree the pattern once. A formula composes every title from the brand, name and pack size, and a Swap Relation Table holds the ingredients as rows.
Vocabulary
Data Reuse Vocabulary and Definitions
From values shown from another item, to text composed by formulas and rows held in a table. Each term shows what it means, why it matters, and a household comparison.
01
Related Value
Features · reuse
Shown in grey
Operational definition
A feature that shows on an item a value that really belongs to another item, such as the HEX code of the colour a product uses.
Why it matters in Perfion
The value is held once on the list item and shown on every product that picks it, so there is no copy to keep up to date.
Everyday analogy
A shop board that reads the price from the billing system.
The part of a formula that converts a value as it is shown: with its caption and unit, in a number or date format, or as a list.
Why it matters in Perfion
FormatValue, FormatMultiValues, FormatVariantTitle, CaseReplace and Convert are documented. Expressions are used throughout Perfion, not only in formulas.
Everyday analogy
The passbook printer that adds the rupee sign, commas and decimals.
Table-like data, with several rows and columns, held in a single feature on a product. Boyum’s example is an ingredient list with name, weight and percentage.
Why it matters in Perfion
Shown in the Item Editor, not the grid. Not inherited and not copied when a product is copied.
Everyday analogy
The nutrition panel on a pack: one line per nutrient, the same columns on every line.
Related Values and formulas: questions product teams ask
Short answers, each with a link to the part of this guide that explains it.
A feature that shows on a product a value held on another item, usually the list item the product picks. A product that picks the colour Navy can show Navy’s HEX code and image, read from the colour itself.
Not in the grid. When a value is changed there, formulas that use it are marked with a red corner and updated when the grid is refreshed. Perfion does not refresh them automatically, to protect performance.
No. A formula that refers to another formula gives the error Disallowed Reference(1). Formulas also do not resolve remote values. Build each formula on stored values.
In a Swap Relation Table: one row per ingredient or component, with a column for each value, such as weight and percentage. It is shown in the Item Editor, and it is not inherited or copied when a product is copied.
Yes. Related Values, formulas and Swap Relation Tables are part of Perfion itself, so this guide applies whichever ERP your product data comes from. What changes from one ERP to another is the integration that brings ERP data into Perfion.
See your product data held once and reused in Perfion
See your own details held once and shown on every product, your titles composed from stored values, and your ingredients held as rows. Choose the path that fits the ERP you run.